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Old Devonshire House
Old Devonshire House at 48 Boswell Street, was located between Theobald's Road in Bloomsbury, and Queen Square, London. William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire had the house built in 1668 for his son, also called William Cavendish, who was MP for Derby at that time and eventually became 1st Duke of Devonshire in 1694.〔Stephen Denford and David A Hayes, Streets East of Bloomsbury, Camden History Society, 2008, pp 26-27〕 This house was later sold by William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire, who built Devonshire House in fashionable Piccadilly. Benton Fletcher bought Old Devonshire House in 1932,〔Old Devonshire House, 48 Devonshire Street, W.1. The Residence of Major Benton Fletcher: Country Life, April 17th, 1937, lxxx-lxxxiv〕〔Benton Fletcher, Old Devonshire House, Bloomsbury, Apollo Magazine, Vol XXV11, no. 161, May 1938, pp 242-244〕 to display his keyboard collection.〔Benton Fletcher, "Early Music at Old Devonshire House", The Listener, 6th October 1938: pp 713-714, issue 508〕 He donated the house and his collection to the National Trust in November 1937. The house was destroyed in May 1941 by a Luftwaffe bombing raid on Holborn during the Blitz. Most of his keyboard instruments had been evacuated to Gloucestershire before the raid. These survived and are currently on display in Fenton House, Hampstead.〔http://www.concertprogrammes.org.uk/html/search/verb/GetRecord/7365〕
== Architecture ==
Old Devonshire House was Stuart-period brick-constructed house built in 1668 shortly after the Great Fire of London in September 1666. The house was built according to the regulations of the Rebuilding of London Act 1666, which laid down the new rules for domestic accommodation.〔T. F. Reddaway, The Rebuilding of London After the Great Fire, 1940, Jonathan Cape, London〕 This act was drafted urgently to eliminate factors, which had caused the fire.〔http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/after_fire_01.shtml〕 The house was specified as a "Second Sort" type, with three storeys plus basement and garret.〔https://londonhistorians.wordpress.com/tag/terraced-house/〕
The house was elegantly proportioned. The four second storey front windows extended to the floor and unusually featured nine panels in the upper, and six in the lower casement, which gave the large front drawing room an imposing appearance. Fluted pilasters with flattened Corinthian cornices framed the mahogany front door with a fanlight and arched pediment above. Behind the front door a hall led to a broad straight staircase to the first floor. The architect if any is unknown. William Talman (architect) who designed Chatsworth House for the Devonshires was only 18 in 1668.〔John Harris, William Talman Maverick Architect: George Allen and Unwin, London, 1982, ISBN 0-04-720025-1 Pbk〕 Nicholas Barbon〔R. D. Sheldon, ‘Barbon, Nicholas (1637/1640–1698/9)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 (accessed 20 Nov 2015 )〕 might have been involved. He built Red Lion Square, close to the site of Old Devonshire House and Pepys House at 14 (and 12) Buckingham Street,〔http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol18/pt2/pp63-76〕 two of the few surviving Stuart houses built in London after the Great Fire. 41 and 42 Bedford Row 〔http://www.bloomsburylives.co.uk/project/walk-3/〕 are ascribed to him and are closely similar in facade to Old Devonshire House. Nicholas Barbon was know to have been involved with the alteration of the Devonshire’s Bishopsgate property in 1676.〔Margaret Sefton-Jones, Old Devonshire House by Bishopsgate. 1923, London: The Swarthmore Press Ltd, Ruskin House, 40 Museum Street, WC1, London p 139〕
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